Journal
OBESITY REVIEWS
Volume 22, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13211
Keywords
children; food habits; social inequalities; socioeconomic differences
Categories
Funding
- Russian Government
- Albania: WHO through the Joint Programme on Children, Food Security and Nutrition Reducing Malnutrition in Children - Millennium Development Goals Achievement Fund
- Albania: Institute of Public Health
- Bulgaria: Ministry of Health, National Center of Public Health and Analyses, WHO Regional Office for Europe
- Croatia: Ministry of Health, Croatian Institute of Public Health
- Croatia: WHO Regional Office for Europe
- Czechia: Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic [AZV MZCR 17-31670 A, MZC-VO EU 00023761]
- Denmark: Danish Ministry of Health
- Georgia: WHO
- Ireland: Health Service Executive
- Italy: Ministry of Health
- Italy: Italian National Institute of Health
- Kazakhstan: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- Kazakhstan: WHO Country Office
- Kyrgyzstan: World Health Organization
- Latvia: Ministry of Health, Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
- Lithuania: Science Foundation of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
- Lithuania: Lithuanian Science Council
- Lithuania: WHO
- Malta: Ministry of Health
- Montenegro: WHO
- Montenegro: Institute of Public Health of Montenegro
- Norway: Ministry of Health
- Norway: Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- Poland: National Health Programme, Ministry of Health
- Portugal: Ministry of Health Institutions
- Portugal: National Institute of Health
- Portugal: Directorate General of Health
- Portugal: Regional Health Directorates
- Romania: Ministry of Health
- Russian Federation: WHO
- San Marino: Health Ministry, Educational Ministry
- Serbia: World Health Organization [2015-540940]
- Spain: Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN)
- Tajikistan: WHO Country Office in Tajikistan
- Tajikistan: Ministry of Health and Social Protection
- Turkmenistan: WHO Country Office in Turkmenistan
- Turkmenistan: Ministry of Health
- Turkey: Turkish Ministry of Health
- Turkey: World Bank
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [774210]
- H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [774210] Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
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This study found that lower SES is associated with unhealthy food habits, particularly as assessed by parental education and family perceived wealth, but not parental employment status. There are cross-national and regional variations in the associations between SES and food habits, as well as differences in the extent to which the respective indicators of SES were related to children's diet.
Background Socioeconomic differences in children's food habits are a key public health concern. In order to inform policy makers, cross-country surveillance studies of dietary patterns across socioeconomic groups are required. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and children's food habits. Methods The study was based on nationally representative data from children aged 6-9 years (n = 129,164) in 23 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Multivariate multilevel analyses were used to explore associations between children's food habits (consumption of fruit, vegetables, and sugar-containing soft drinks) and parental education, perceived family wealth and parental employment status. Results Overall, the present study suggests that unhealthy food habits are associated with lower SES, particularly as assessed by parental education and family perceived wealth, but not parental employment status. We found cross-national and regional variation in associations between SES and food habits and differences in the extent to which the respective indicators of SES were related to children's diet. Conclusion Socioeconomic differences in children's food habits exist in the majority of European and Asian countries examined in this study. The results are of relevance when addressing strategies, policy actions, and interventions targeting social inequalities in children's diets.
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