It's not just a phase: function and characteristics of RNA-binding proteins in phase separation

The organization of multiple steps of the RNA life cycle in phase-separated condensates presents a framework for understanding how sequestration of RNA-binding proteins and RNAs modulates gene expression. Biomolecular condensates that form via phase separation are increasingly regarded as coordinators of cellular reactions that regulate a wide variety of biological phenomena. Mounting evidence suggests that multiple steps of the RNA life cycle are organized within RNA-binding protein-rich condensates. In this Review, we discuss recent insights into the influence of phase separation on RNA biology, which has implications for basic cell biology, the pathogenesis of human diseases and the development of novel therapies.

Automated summary

The organization of RNA in phase-separated condensates provides insights into how sequestration of RNA-binding proteins and RNAs modulates gene expression. This understanding has implications for basic cell biology, the pathogenesis of human diseases, and the development of novel therapies. Biomolecular condensates formed through phase separation play a crucial role in coordinating cellular reactions and regulating various biological phenomena.