Journal
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
Volume 30, Issue 9, Pages 1568-1573Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12642
Keywords
Alces alces; Canis lupus; daily activity pattern; encounter rate; ideal gas model; kill rate; prey detectability; temporal predation pattern
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Funding
- Forest Ecosystem Science Co-operative Inc.
- NSERC CRD program
- Canadian Forest Service
- Wildlife Research and Development Division
- Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
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1. Variation in predation can have important consequences for predators and prey, but little is known about associated mechanisms. Diel interactions between predators and prey are commonly assumed to be influenced by movement speeds of both predators and prey individuals, sensu the ideal gas model, but the influencing factors of diel predation dynamics have yet to be empirically examined. 2. In this study, we apply principles of the ideal gas model to predict diel variation in kill frequency of moose (Alces alces) by wolves (Canis lupus) in northern Ontario, Canada based on GPS radio-telemetry data combined with field verification of kills. 3. We used GPS telemetry data from wolves and moose combined with a unique data set on the diel pattern of wolf kills to test whether predator movement rate, prey movement rate, and ambient light condition influence diel variation in kill rates of wolves on moose. 4. Our results indicate that the kill rate between wolves and moose was principally related to the effective movement rate of predators and prey, as predicted by the ideal gas model. We found little evidence that light conditions had any effect on kill rates, but rather the majority of kill rate variation corresponded to wolf movement rate, which was over an order of magnitude higher than that of moose.
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