Journal
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
Volume 149, Issue 11, Pages 3875-3893Publisher
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-20-0388.1
Keywords
Convective storms/systems; Synoptic climatology; Extreme events; Monsoons; Rainfall
Categories
Funding
- Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program Enhancement of Convergence Technology of Analysis and Forecast on Severe Weather'' [KMA2018-00121]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (Ministry of Science and ICT) [NRF- 2018R1A5A1024958]
- Korea Meteorological Institute (KMI) [KMA2018-00121] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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This study identifies diverse synoptic weather patterns of warm-season heavy rainfall events in South Korea, with two main causes: those not directly connected to tropical cyclones and those resulting from tropical cyclones. These different weather patterns exhibit distinct spatiotemporal distributions, providing important guidance for HRE prediction.
This study identifies diverse synoptic weather patterns of warm-season heavy rainfall events (HREs) in South Korea. The HREs not directly connected to tropical cyclones (TCs) (81.1%) are typically associated with a mid-latitude cyclone from eastern China, the expanded North Pacific high, and strong southwesterly moisture transport in between. They are frequent both in the first (early summer) and second rainy periods (late summer) with impacts on the south coast and west of the mountainous region. In contrast, the HREs resulting from TCs (18.9%) are caused by the synergetic interaction between the TC and meandering midlatitude flow, especially in the second rainy period. The strong south-southeasterly moisture transport makes the southern and eastern coastal regions prone to the TC-driven HREs. By applying a self-organizing map algorithm to the non-TC HREs, their surface weather patterns are further classified into six clusters. Clusters 1 and 3 exhibit a frontal boundary between the low and high with differing relative strengths. Clusters 2 and 5 feature an extratropical cyclone migrating from eastern China under different background sea level pressure patterns. Cluster 4 is characterized by the expanded North Pacific high with no organized negative sea level pressure anomaly, and cluster 6 displays a development of a moisture pathway between the continental and oceanic highs. Each cluster exhibits a distinct spatiotemporal occurrence distribution. The result provides useful guidance for HRE prediction by depicting important factors to be differently considered depending on their synoptic categorization.
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