Journal
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
Volume 146, Issue -, Pages 70-75Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.02.009
Keywords
Sodium glyceroxide; Biodiesel; Catalyst formulation; Transesterification
Funding
- National Science Foundation [1443859]
- Industrial-Academic Research Office of the Vice Chancellor (City University of New York)
- Div Of Industrial Innovation & Partnersh
- Directorate For Engineering [1443859] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Crude glycerol is a low value by-product of the biodiesel industry, and its use as an alkaline catalyst component offers a cost-lowering strategy for sustainable fuel production. Sodium glyceroxide can be used to generate methoxide ions in situ, and the latter act as catalysts for the transesterification of triglycerides to fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel, or FAMES). Catalytic formulations of sodium glyceroxide were prepared from glycerol, methanol and NaOH, characterized by X-ray diffraction, and used for rapid transesterification of canola oil into biodiesel. The kinetics of the reaction using 6 and 9 M equivalents of methanol and 0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% catalyst loading were studied by H-1 NMR spectroscopy. Catalyst formulations prepared from crude glycerol performed transesterification reactions in methanol at a rate comparable to those observed for sodium hydroxide. Analogous to methoxide-catalyzed transesterifications, the reactions using glyceroxide appeared to be rate-limited by mass transfer. The relative viscosities of glyceroxide formulations prepared in methanol are also presented, and show an inverse correlation between viscosity and increasing concentration, a trend characteristic of ionic glycerol solutions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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