Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 26, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113085
Keywords
cancer therapy; diagnosis; carbon nanoparticles; carbon dots; graphene; biopolymers; conjugation; precision medicine; theranostics
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Cancer theranostics is a novel medical concept that aims to integrate diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy on a unique nanoplatform in a non-invasive manner to eliminate solid tumors. Surface functionalization of nanoplatforms is a useful protocol for tuning their structures and properties, making it more reliable and amenable to adjustments for specific applications.
Cancer theranostics is a new concept of medical approach that attempts to combine in a unique nanoplatform diagnosis, monitoring and therapy so as to provide eradication of a solid tumor in a non-invasive fashion. There are many available solutions to tackle cancer using theranostic agents such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) under the guidance of imaging techniques (e.g., magnetic resonance-MRI, photoacoustic-PA or computed tomography-CT imaging). Additionally, there are several potential theranostic nanoplatforms able to combine diagnosis and therapy at once, such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs), graphene oxide (GO), superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and carbon nanodots (CDs). Currently, surface functionalization of these nanoplatforms is an extremely useful protocol for effectively tuning their structures, interface features and physicochemical properties. This approach is much more reliable and amenable to fine adjustment, reaching both physicochemical and regulatory requirements as a function of the specific field of application. Here, we summarize and compare the most promising metal- and carbon-based theranostic tools reported as potential candidates in precision cancer theranostics. We focused our review on the latest developments in surface functionalization strategies for these nanosystems, or hybrid nanocomposites consisting of their combination, and discuss their main characteristics and potential applications in precision cancer medicine.
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