Journal
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
Volume 30, Issue 16, Pages 4103-4117Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mec.16021
Keywords
ddRAD; demography; frog; high divergence; replicate hybrid zones; western China
Funding
- Science and Technology Support Project of Sichuan Province, China [2016NZ0103]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31172061]
- NSERC Canada
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The green odorous frog in western China displays a circular distribution and multiple hybrid zones between lineages with high levels of divergence. Population structure analysis revealed three main groups, with demographic inference suggesting initial isolation approximately 2 million years ago followed by post-glacial expansion. Hybridization in contact zones involved lineages with varying levels of divergence and different patterns of introgression, with some contact zones showing potential barrier effects.
The green odorous frog (Odorrana margaretae) displays a circular distribution around the Sichuan Basin of western China and possesses multiple replicate hybrid zones between lineages with high levels of divergence. To gain an understanding of the speciation process, we obtained 1540 SNPs from 29 populations and 227 individuals using ddRAD sequencing. Population structure analysis revealed three groups within the species: the West, North & South, and East groups. Demographic inference showed that they were initially isolated at similar to 2 million years ago, and subsequent post-glacial expansion produced the current circular distribution with four secondary contact zones. Hybridization in those zones involved lineages with various levels of divergence and produced greatly different patterns of introgression. Contact zones between the East and North & South groups (E-S and E-N) had contrast admixture levels but both showed a general lack of potential barrier loci. Meanwhile, the reconnection of the West and North & South groups produced two contact zones along the rim of the Basin. The S-W zone had extensive admixture while the N-W zone had limited admixture within a narrow geographic distance. Both showed substantial barrier effects, and a large number of potential barrier loci were shared. We also detected strong coupling among these loci. The N-W hybrid zone involved two highly-diverged lineages (F-ST = 0.704) and many loci have reached fixation around the hybrid zone. This study system offers a unique opportunity to understand the dynamics of introgression in contact zones and the architecture of reproductive isolation at different stages of speciation.
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