Journal
MOLECULAR CANCER
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01413-8
Keywords
Extrachromosomal circular DNA; Evolution; Cancer; Function of eccDNA
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81202231]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2018A0303130240, 2020A15150120, 2020A1515110614]
- Medical Scientific Research Funding of Guangdong Province, China [A2018225, A2020189]
- Scientific Research Funding of Guangdong Medical University [B2017021, B2019027]
- Discipline Construction Project of Guangdong Medical University [4SG21021G]
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eccDNA is a type of circular DNA that is independent of chromosomes but plays important roles in monitoring, early diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of cancer. They are commonly found in both normal and cancer cells, functioning through various mechanisms in stress response, aging, carcinogenesis, and drug resistance during cancer treatment.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) refers to a type of circular DNA that originate from but are likely independent of chromosomes. Due to technological advancements, eccDNAs have recently emerged as multifunctional molecules with numerous characteristics. The unique topological structure and genetic characteristics of eccDNAs shed new light on the monitoring, early diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of cancer. EccDNAs are commonly observed in both normal and cancer cells and function via different mechanisms in the stress response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli, aging, and carcinogenesis and in drug resistance during cancer treatment. The structural diversity of eccDNAs contributes to the function and numerical diversity of eccDNAs and thereby endows eccDNAs with powerful roles in evolution and in cancer initiation and progression by driving genetic plasticity and heterogeneity from extrachromosomal sites, which has been an ignored function in evolution in recent decades. EccDNAs show great potential in cancer, and we summarize the features, biogenesis, evaluated functions, functional mechanisms, related methods, and clinical utility of eccDNAs with a focus on their role in evolution and cancer.
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