Journal
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
Volume 87, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101023
Keywords
Placenta; Trophoblast; Immune regulation; Pregnancy; Cigarette; Nicotine; CO; Carbon monoxide
Funding
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [Mo2017/3-2, Mo2017/3-3, Ma1550/12-1]
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) [DMMP FF05]
- German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03VP08692]
- CONACyT [CVU: 446429]
- German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) [91771964]
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Tobacco smoking is a major public health issue that has negative effects on pregnancy. This review examines the impact of smoking on immune regulation, placental function, and vascular development. The study aims to understand how maternal smoking affects placental function in both normal and pathological pregnancies. Smoking cessation is recommended for future mothers as the components of tobacco smoke can have detrimental effects on placental function.
Tobacco smoking is an important public health issue recognized by the world health organization as one of the most serious, preventable risk factors for developing a series of pregnancy pathologies. Maternal smoking positively associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and gestational diabetes (GDM), but negatively associated with preeclampsia (PE). In this review, we examine epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies of smoking effects on immunoregulation during pregnancy, trophoblast function, and placental vasculature development and metabolism. We aim to identify effects of tobacco smoke components on specific placental compartments or cells, which may contribute to the understanding of the influences of maternal smoking on placenta function in normal and pathological pregnancies. Data corroborates that in any trimester, smoking unsafe for pregnancy and that its detrimental effects outweigh questionable benefits. The effects of maternal smoking on the maternal immune regulation throughout pregnancy and the impact of different tobacco products on fetal growth have not yet been fully understood. Smoking cessation rather than treatment with replacement therapies is recommended for future mothers because also single components of tobacco and its smoke may have detrimental effects on placental function.
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