Journal
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
Volume 27, Issue 6, Pages 1305-1315Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927621012563
Keywords
experimental microstructure characterization; hard-nip calendering of paper material; local microstructure variation; statistical image analysis; X-ray microcomputed tomography
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Funding
- Christian Doppler Research Association
- Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs
- National Foundation for Research, Technology, and Development, Austria
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The study presents a new two-step framework for analyzing local microstructure variations of paper sheets based on 3D image data. The framework is demonstrated to be useful and reliable, and it aligns with experimental measurements of macroscopic properties.
A two-step framework to analyze local microstructure variations of paper sheets based on 3D image data is presented. First, a multi-stage work-flow efficiently acquires a large set of highly resolved tomographic image data, which enables-in combination with statistical image analysis-the quantification of local variations and pairwise correlations of morphological microstructure characteristics on length scales ranging from micrometers to centimeters. Secondly, the microstructure is analyzed in terms of the local behavior of porosity, thickness, and further descriptors related to transportation paths. The power of the presented framework is demonstrated, showing that it allows one (i) to quantitatively reveal the difference in terms of local structural variations between a model paper before and after unidirectional compression via hard-nip calendering and that (ii) the field of view which is required to reliably compute the probability distributions of the considered local microstructure characteristics is at least 20 mm(2). The results elucidate structural differences related to local densification. In particular, it is shown how calendering transforms local variations in sheet thickness into marked local mass density variations. The obtained results are in line with experimental measurements of macroscopic properties (basis weight, Bekk smoothness parameters, thickness, and Gurley retention times).
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