Principal component analysis of lipid and protein oxidation products and their impact on color stability in bison longissimus lumborum and psoas major muscles

The study aims were to compare lipid (malondialdehyde [MDA], 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal [HNE]) and protein (carbonyl content [CAR]) oxidation products between two bison muscles (longissimus lumborum [LL] and psoas major [PM]) at different aging and retail display time and determine their influence on muscle color stability. Regardless of the aging and retail display time, LL showed greater redness (a* value; P = 0.04) and lower surface discoloration (P < 0.01) than PM as well as LL exhibited lower MDA, HNE, and CAR content compared to PM (P < 0.05). In both muscles, MDA showed the highest correlation to a* (r = -0.78; P < 0.01) and discoloration (rs = 0.82; P < 0.01) scores, particularly in PM muscle compared to LL muscle. In conclusion, the principal component analysis revealed 4 distinct color deterioration clusters within steaks displayed at d 4 according to the muscle and aging time, and MDA critically influences color deterioration patterns in bison muscles.

Automated summary

Regardless of aging and retail display time, the longissimus lumborum muscle exhibited greater redness and lower surface discoloration compared to the psoas major muscle, with lower levels of oxidation products. Malondialdehyde (MDA) critically influences color deterioration patterns.