Journal
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
Volume 167, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112276
Keywords
Agricultural runoff; Cockle farming; Bottom water; Sediment; Rainfall event
Funding
- Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) [FRGS/1/2017/WAB05/UPM/02/1]
- Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
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This study investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of glyphosate, nitrate, and ammonia in bottom water in an active cockle farming area in Perak, Malaysia. The results showed that glyphosate and nitrate might be derived from an inland source, while ammonia may originate from lithogenic origins. Continuous monitoring is recommended.
This paper aims to study the spatial and temporal patterns of selected agricultural runoff, specifically in terms of glyphosate, nitrate, and ammonia in bottom water, as well as their possible sources, within an active cockle farming area in Bagan Pasir, Perak, Malaysia. Samples were taken along the cockle farming area from March to November 2019. Glyphosate was analyzed using HPLC with both extraction and derivatization methods using 9fluorenyl-methyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl), while nitrate and ammonia levels were determined using the standard Hach method. Generally, glyphosate, nitrate, and ammonia were present within the study site with the average concentration of 37.44 +/- 12.27 mu g/l, 1.65 +/- 0.52 mg/l, and 0.37 +/- 0.19 mg/l, respectively. The results suggest that glyphosate and nitrate might be derived from an inland source, while a uniform and low level of ammonia suggested might originate from lithogenic origins. Continuous monitoring remains encouraged.
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