Journal
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
Volume 168, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112433
Keywords
Surface sediment; Heavy metal; Sediment provenance; Contamination assessment; Transport process; Sunda Shelf
Funding
- National Programme on Global Change and AirSea Interaction [GASI02SCSCJB01]
- National Nature Science Foundation of ChinaShandong Provenance Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers [U1606401]
- China-Malaysia cooperation project Effect on variability of seasonal monsoon on sedimentary process in Peninsular Malaysia waters
- Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong
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The study analyzed the heavy metal contents of surface sediment samples from the western Sunda Shelf, revealing high enrichment regions of heavy metals controlled by riverine inputs and hydrodynamic conditions. Overall, the study area was not significantly contaminated, but moderate contamination levels of Cd, As, and Hg were found in certain areas due to anthropogenic activities.
The heavy metal contents (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As) of 88 surface sediment samples from the western Sunda Shelf were analyzed to determine their spatial distribution patterns and contamination status. The results demonstrated that high enrichment regions of heavy metals were focused in the Kelantan, Pahang, and Ambat river estuaries, and deep water regions of the study area. These high enrichment regions were mainly controlled by riverine inputs and their hydrodynamic conditions. The enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were used to assess heavy metal accumulation. The results indicated that the study area was not significantly contaminated overall at the time of the study; however, Cd, As, and Hg were at levels corresponding to moderate contamination at many stations located in the Pahang River estuary, Kelantan River estuary, and north-eastern region of the study area, primarily because of anthropogenic activities.
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