4.8 Review

Liver cirrhosis

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Mortality in biopsy-proven alcohol-related liver disease: a population-based nationwide cohort study of 3453 patients

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Summary: A study conducted in Sweden found that patients with biopsy-proven ALD have a nearly fivefold increased risk of death compared to the general population, and those with ALD without cirrhosis also have a higher risk of death. These results suggest the need to strengthen the management and monitoring of these patients.
Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Alterations in Gut Microbiome in Cirrhosis as Assessed by Quantitative Metagenomics: Relationship With Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure and Prognosis

Cristina Sole et al.

Summary: Patients with cirrhosis exhibit significant alterations in gut microbiome, particularly pronounced in those with ACLF, correlated with disease stages and complications, and predictive of survival. These findings suggest a potential role of gut microbiome in disease progression and prognosis, warranting further validation in future studies.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Mortality in biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results from a nationwide cohort

Tracey G. Simon et al.

Summary: Population-based data in Sweden showed that all histological stages of NAFLD were linked with significantly increased overall mortality, and the risk escalated progressively with worsening histology. Excess mortality was mainly attributed to extrahepatic cancer and cirrhosis, while cardiovascular disease and HCC made modest contributions.
Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Endpoints and design of clinical trials in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: Position paper of the LiverHope Consortium

Elsa Sola et al.

Summary: Management of decompensated cirrhosis focuses on treating complications with no disease-modifying therapy established. Clinical trial design complexity and heterogeneity of patient population lead to challenges in comparing results.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Association of Genetic Variation With Cirrhosis: A Multi-Trait Genome-Wide Association and Gene-Environment Interaction Study

Connor A. Emdin et al.

Summary: This study identified 12 independent genetic variants, including 7 newly identified ones, that confer risk for cirrhosis. A polygenic score based on these variants can identify a subset of the population at substantially increased risk, particularly those susceptible to the hepatotoxic effects of excess alcohol consumption or obesity.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Summary: Chronic liver disease is becoming epidemic due to factors such as obesity, nonalcoholic liver disease, and alcohol overuse. Understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and liver diseases is crucial for developing improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Knowledge of intestinal microbiome and its impact on liver disease could provide valuable insights for practical application in healthcare.

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Refining the Baveno VI elastography criteria for the definition of compensated advanced chronic liver disease

Margarita Papatheodoridi et al.

Summary: The study found that, compared to the dual cut-offs of <10 and >15 kPa proposed by Baveno VI, the dual cut-offs of <8 kPa (or <7 kPa for viral hepatitis) and >12 kPa have better diagnostic accuracy in cACLD.

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The systemic inflammation hypothesis: Towards a new paradigm of acute decompensation and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis

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Summary: Systemic inflammation may be a key feature of acute decompensation of cirrhosis, affecting organ system function through various mechanisms and working synergistically with traditional pathways to contribute to the development of AD. It can exacerbate splanchnic vasodilation by overactivating the endogenous vasoconstrictor systems, leading to hypoperfusion in certain vascular beds such as the renal circulation. Additionally, systemic inflammation may cause immune-mediated tissue damage and induce significant metabolic changes.

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Utilizing the gut microbiome in decompensated cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure

Jonel Trebicka et al.

Summary: The gut microbiome plays an important role in the development of liver diseases, potentially driving decompensation and progression to ACLF by inducing systemic inflammation. Further investigation into the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of decompensated cirrhosis and ACLF is warranted.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Hepatocellular carcinoma

Josep M. Llovet et al.

Summary: Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), poses a significant global health challenge with rising incidence projected to exceed 1 million cases by 2025. Infection by hepatitis B and C viruses remains a major risk factor for HCC, while non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is emerging as a more common risk factor in Western countries. Advances in systemic therapies for HCC, including immunotherapies and targeted therapies, are expected to revolutionize the management of this disease.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Interaction between metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption, risk factors of liver fibrosis: A population-based study

Elisa Pose et al.

Summary: Alcohol and metabolic syndrome are common cofactors of liver disease. This study found that metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver fibrosis in individuals with alcohol consumption, especially in high-risk drinkers. Factors such as male gender, liver enzymes, years of consumption, and metabolic syndrome were associated with liver fibrosis in subjects with alcohol consumption.

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Locoregional therapies in the era of molecular and immune treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma

Josep M. Llovet et al.

Summary: Locoregional therapies, including local ablation and transarterial chemoembolization, play a crucial role in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have shown potential benefits of combining these local therapies with systemic treatments, such as molecular therapies, to enhance therapeutic effects.

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A Randomized Trial of Albumin Infusions in Hospitalized Patients with Cirrhosis

Louise China et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of targeted albumin infusions on patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The results showed that there was no significant difference in outcomes between the targeted albumin group and the standard-care group, indicating that albumin infusions may not be more beneficial than the current standard of care in the United Kingdom.

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Current knowledge and management of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis

Marco Senzolo et al.

Summary: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a complication of cirrhosis with increasing incidence related to the severity of cirrhosis. Various risk factors contribute to PVT occurrence and progression. While the impact of complete PVT on liver transplant outcomes is clear, its effect on cirrhosis progression remains uncertain. Treatment options vary based on individual patient characteristics and thrombus features.

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NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC

Dominik Pfister et al.

Summary: The study investigated the impact of NASH on immunotherapy response in HCC patients and found that NASH-HCC may be less responsive to immunotherapy. Aberrant T cell activation caused by NASH-related tissue damage led to impaired immune surveillance in HCC patients.

NATURE (2021)

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NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC

Dominik Pfister et al.

Summary: The text discusses the impact of NASH on the development of HCC and the effect of immunotherapy, revealing the accumulation of exhausted and unconventionally activated CD8(+)PD1(+) T cells in NASH-affected livers. In preclinical models of NASH-induced HCC, anti-PD1 treatment led to an increase in HCC, with CD8(+) T cells contributing to this increase.

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The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy

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[Anonymous]

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Cirrhosis as new indication for statins

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EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on nutrition in chronic liver disease

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Burden of liver diseases in the world

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Natural history of histologically proven alcohol-related liver disease: A systematic review

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Sarcopenic obesity and myosteatosis are associated with higher mortality in patients with cirrhosis

Aldo J. Montano-Loza et al.

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Differential visceral blood flow in the hyperdynamic circulation of patients with liver cirrhosis

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Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Are Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in Patients with Cirrhosis

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CLINICAL NUTRITION (2015)

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JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2015)

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Implementation of the Lancet Standing Commission on Liver Disease in the UK

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LANCET (2015)

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Two-dimensional Shear-Wave Elastography and Conventional US: The Optimal Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis

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RADIOLOGY (2015)

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Consequences of Perceived Stigma Among Patients with Cirrhosis

Valerie Vaughn-Sandler et al.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES (2014)

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Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013

Rajiv Jalan et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2014)

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Altered profile of human gut microbiome is associated with cirrhosis and its complications

Jasmohan S. Bajaj et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2014)

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The Liver May Act as a Firewall Mediating Mutualism Between the Host and Its Gut Commensal Microbiota

Maria L. Balmer et al.

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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

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Transfusion Strategies for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Candid Villanueva et al.

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Meta-analysis: vasoactive medications for the management of acute variceal bleeds

M. Wells et al.

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2012)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Muscle Wasting Is Associated With Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis

Aldo J. Montano-Loza et al.

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Does This Patient With Liver Disease Have Cirrhosis?

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Rifaximin Treatment in Hepatic Encephalopathy

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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2010)

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Early Use of TIPS in Patients with Cirrhosis and Variceal Bleeding.

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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2010)

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Angiogenesis in liver disease

Mercedes Fernandez et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2009)

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CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting

Teresa C. Horan et al.

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Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list

W. Ray Kim et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2008)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis

Cristina Ripoll et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2007)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Nutritional status and prognosis in cirrhotic patients

F. Gunsar et al.

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2006)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: A systematic review of 118 studies

G D'Amico et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2006)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Uncovered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for refractory ascites: A meta-analysis

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GASTROENTEROLOGY (2005)

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RM Merion et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION (2005)

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The paradox of nitric oxide in cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Too much, not enough

R Wiest et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2002)

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A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease

PS Kamath et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2001)