Journal
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 100, Issue -, Pages 43-52Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.027
Keywords
Mitochondria; Cytosol; Metabolic state; Genetically encoded fluorescent sensor; Imaging; High-throughput; NADH; NAD(+)/NADH ratio
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Mitochondria are central organelles that regulate cellular bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and signaling processes. NADH, a key player in cell metabolism, is often considered as a marker of mitochondrial function. However, traditional methods for NADH measurements are either destructive or unable to distinguish between NADH and NADPH. In contrast to traditional methods, genetically encoded NADH sensors can be used for the real-time tracking and quantitative measurement of subcellular NADH levels in living cells. Therefore, these sensors provide innovative tools and address the limitations of current techniques. We herein summarize the properties of different types of recently developed NADH biosensors, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and focus on the high-throughput analysis of mitochondrial function by using highly responsive NAD(+)/NADH sensors. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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