Journal
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
Volume 19, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02927-x
Keywords
Extrachromosomal circular DNA; Molecular mechanisms; Cancer progression
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81770266]
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eccDNA, a circular DNA molecule existing widely in nature and independent of conventional chromosomes, is a product of genomic instability with important biological functions, potentially involved in the occurrence of various diseases, including cancer.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is considered a circular DNA molecule that exists widely in nature and is independent of conventional chromosomes. eccDNA can be divided into small polydispersed circular DNA (spcDNA), telomeric circles (t-circles), microDNA, and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) according to its size and sequence. Multiple studies have shown that eccDNA is the product of genomic instability, has rich and important biological functions, and is involved in the occurrence of many diseases, including cancer. In this review, we focus on the discovery history, formation process, characteristics, and physiological functions of eccDNAs; the potential functions of various eccDNAs in human cancer; and the research methods employed to study eccDNA.
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