Journal
JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
Volume 84, Issue 11, Pages 1054-1059Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000607
Keywords
Breast mass; Cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN); Endometriosis; Human papillomavirus (HPV); Vitamin D
Categories
Funding
- Tri-Service General Hospital [TSGH-D109-106, TSGH-D110-136, TSGH-SS-D-109017, TSGH-SS-D-110018]
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The majority of participants in this study were found to have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, with significant associations between low serum vitamin D levels and gynecologic diseases such as abnormal Pap smear results, high-risk HPV infection, and dysmenorrhea. Even after controlling for age, serum vitamin D levels were still significantly associated with conditions like abnormal breast ultrasound, uterus ultrasound, and dysmenorrhea.
Background: Most reproductive system studies suggest the protective effects of vitamin D, but vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are growing global health issues. The present study investigates the association between vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and gynecologic diseases to identify illness risks at different serum vitamin D levels in Taiwan. Methods: A total of 7699 female adults aged >= 20 years with results for both serum vitamin D and gynecologic-associated diseases were drawn from the Taiwan MJ cohort. We analyzed the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and results from reproductive system evaluations, including history of dysmenorrhea, results of Pap smear, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervix, mammography, and ultrasound of breast and pelvis. Results: Over 80% of participants showed vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Participants with abnormal Pap smear results, highrisk HPV infection, and history of dysmenorrhea showed significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D (p < 0.001-0.05). Serum vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with positive high-risk HPV infection of the cervix (p < 0.05) and dysmenorrhea (p < 0.001). After controlling for age as a confounding variable for each gynecologic disease, level of serum vitamin D was significantly associated with abnormal breast ultrasound (odds ratio = 0.724) and uterus ultrasound (odds ratio = 0.673 - 0.8), and dysmenorrhea (odds ratio = 0.829). Conclusion: Associations were found between vitamin D deficiency and endometriosis, uterine myoma, dysmenorrhea, abnormal Pap smear results, and high-risk HPV infection of the cervix. Therefore, vitamin D supplements may present a cost-effective benefit for the prevention and treatment of gynecologic diseases, and thus reduction of healthcare expenditures.
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