Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their biological properties for soil enrichment and growth promotion

The soil and its microenvironment are extremely important, that play major role in plant growth and sustainable agriculture focusing on the production of long-term crops and livestock while having minimal effects on the environment. For sustainable agriculture, healthy soil which leads to quality crop produce is most important which can fulfill the nutritional requirements of living organisms. An increasing interest has emerged with respect to the soil health due to the importance of soil microflora as an active and priceless natural resource with diverse species of useful microorganisms. Diverse types of advantageous microorganisms are present in soil, which are responsible for decomposition of organic matter; toxin removal; and the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. In addition, microorganisms play key role in suppressing soilborne plant diseases, promoting plant growth, and changes in vegetation. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are considered to be best studied group of microbes for growth promotion. There are two regions in the soil i.e., rhizosphere and rhizoplane which are extensively colonized by PGPR than any other region. Wide variety of PGPR and its allies with diverse role and usages for sustainable agriculture are still a prime topic of interest among researchers. The environmental factors and soil physioco-chemical properties also plays a vital role in the efficiency and performance of PGPR. However, variations in the performace of PGPR can be addressed through ecological and functional biological approaches. In this review article, recent advances in the mechanism of rhizobacteria for plant growth promoting traits have been discussed.

Automated summary

The soil and its microenvironment play a crucial role in plant growth and sustainable agriculture, focusing on long-term crop and livestock production with minimal environmental impact. Healthy soil is essential for producing quality crops that meet the nutritional needs of living organisms, and soil microflora have emerged as an important natural resource with diverse useful microorganisms. Various beneficial microorganisms in soil are responsible for decomposition, toxin removal, and nutrient cycling, as well as suppressing plant diseases and promoting plant growth. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a well-studied group of microbes that colonize the rhizosphere and rhizoplane, with diverse roles and uses in sustainable agriculture. Environmental factors and soil properties play a significant role in the efficiency and performance of PGPR, which can be addressed through ecological and functional biological approaches. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of rhizobacteria for promoting plant growth traits have been discussed in this review article.