Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
Volume 12, Issue 22, Pages 5286-5293Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01209
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Funding
- LLNL LDRD [14ERD-018]
- U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-820295)]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration [DENA0002442]
- NNSA's Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation and Science Campaign 2
- DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- Lawrence Fellowship
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Experimental results show that detonation nanodiamond (DND) aggregates into low fractal dimension structures within 0.1 microseconds, indicating that DND aggregation occurs on time scales comparable to particle formation. This was observed through time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering experiments.
Detonation nanodiamond (DND) is known to form aggregates that significantly reduce their unique nanoscale properties and require postprocessing to separate. How and when DND aggregates is an important question that has not been answered experimentally and could provide the foundation for approaches to limit aggregation. To answer this question, time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering was performed during the detonation of high-explosives that are expected to condense particulates in the diamond, graphite, and liquid regions of the carbon phase diagram. DND aggregation into low fractal dimension structures could be observed as early as 0.1 mu s, along with a separate scattering population also observed from an explosive that produces primarily graphitic products. A counterexample is the case of a high-explosive that produces nano-onions, where no hierarchical scattering was observed for at least 10 mu s behind the detonation front. These results suggest that DND aggregation occurs on time scales comparable to particle formation.
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