Technical note: Efficient removal of a PCR inhibitory agent (vivianite) found on excavated bones

During a rescue excavation in October 2011, archaeologists discovered a mass grave with 10 individuals. The skeletons should belong to victims of the battle of Reichenberg between the Austrian and Prussian armies on April 21, 1757. Several bones of the skeletons were covered with a blue colored encrustation. Initial DNA analysis failed due to strong inhibition. Chemical analysis of the bluish encrustation indicated the presence of the iron phosphate mineral vivianite (Fe-3(PO4)(2)center dot(H2O)(8)). This technical note describes a novel procedure for the removal of this inhibitory substance. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.