Influence of reaction temperature on the physicochemical characteristics of tin oxide nanoparticles

The present study aims to synthesize the tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) via the green synthesis route, using Canna indica leaves extract as the reducing agent and examining their properties through various instrumentational techniques. The SnO2 NPs are being synthesized at various temperatures in the range of 400-700 degrees C by the green route method and their effects on the structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties have been investigated. On testing, the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies confirmed the cassiterite-type tetragonal phase of the formed SnO2 NPs with average crystallite size in the range of 10.08-10.87 nm. The FTIR spectrum has recorded for the prepared SnO2 nanostructures to confirm the presence of various functional and vibrational groups. The optical properties of these nanostructures are analysed by UV-Vis absorption studies. The UV-Visible spectrum shows high-intensity absorption peaks in the wavelength region of 280 to 300 nm due to the occurrence of quantum effect, and the bandgap values were found to be decreased with the increase in synthesizing temperature. Similarly, the morphological investigations revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate the formation of various morphologies of SnO2 nanostructures, i.e., platelet-like morphology (400 degrees C) and nanocube (600 degrees C). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images specified an average particle size varying in the range of 8.5 to 13.5 nm. The observation of photoluminescent emission at 370 nm for the SnO2 NPs attributes to the defectiveness created by the oxygen vacancies. Finally, the magnetic properties studied using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature show the magnetic moment of 3.1052 x 10(-4) emu/g for the highly calcined sample.

Automated summary

The current study focuses on synthesizing tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles through a green synthesis method and examining their properties using various analytical techniques. Results show that SnO2 NPs synthesized at different temperatures exhibit diverse structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties.