4.5 Review

Urinary bladder and urethral tissue engineering, and 3D bioprinting approaches for urological reconstruction

Journal

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
Volume 36, Issue 19, Pages 3781-3820

Publisher

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1557/s43578-021-00255-w

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (DBT)
  2. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation under the Grand Challenges Exploration India initiative [GCE-India/R4/2018/003]
  3. Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Kalam Technology Innovation National Fellowship, Government of India
  4. IKP Knowledge Park
  5. Prime Minister's Research Fellowship, Government of India

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This review critically analyzes the application of 3D bioprinting-based tissue engineering approaches for urinary bladder and urethra reconstruction, discussing the materials and biomechanical characteristics of scaffolds, emphasizing the need to mimic the biomechanical properties of native urological tissues, and suggesting that bioprinting with biomolecular hydrogel bioink may provide a solution for creating patient-specific grafts.
In the last few decades, tissue engineering evolved as an exciting multidisciplinary field of research. The primary objective of this review is to critically analyze 3D bioprinting-based tissue engineering approaches for urinary bladder and urethra reconstruction.This review critically examines the in vitro and in vivo outcomes of natural, artificial, and hybrid scaffolds. The translational strategies at achieving clinically desired properties and an overview of biomechanical characteristics of urological biomaterials are discussed here. Notably, since the bladder is under continuous dynamic loading and unloading conditions, it is highlighted that 3D bioprinted scaffolds should withstand the biomechanical forces experienced by the native urological tissues and mimic the viscoelastic property of the native bladder tissue. It has been emphasized that 3D bioprinting with biomolecular hydrogelfunctional bioink may be a possible solution to create tissue-engineered patient-specific grafts. The review closes with the authors' perspective on relevant challenges associated with the clinical translation.

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