Journal
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
Volume 63, Issue 10, Pages 1787-1800Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13148
Keywords
guanine nucleotide exchange factor; ROP GTPase; root hair deformation; rhizobial infection
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [NSF-0703285, 31825003, 31730103, 31870218]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0500502]
- Strategic Priority Research Program Molecular Mechanism of Plant Growth and Development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB27040207]
- CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research [YSBR-011]
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The study identified the crucial roles of small GTPases and Nod factor receptor in root hair development and infection process in Medicago truncatula, regulating polar growth and deformation of root hairs through activation and interaction mechanisms.
The formation of nitrogen-fixing no dules on legume roots requires the coordination of infection by rhizobia at the root epidermis with the initiation of cell divisions in the root cortex. During infection, rhizobia attach to the tip of elongating root hairs which then curl to entrap the rhizobia. However, the mechanism of root hair deformation and curling in response to symbiotic signals is still elusive. Here, we found that small GTPases (MtRac1/MtROP9 and its homologs) are required for root hair development and rhizobial infection in Medicago truncatula. Our results show that the Nod factor receptor LYK3 phosphorylates the guanine nucleotide exchange factor MtRopGEF2 at S73 which is critical for the polar growth of root hairs. In turn, phosphorylated MtRopGEF2 can activate MtRac1. Activated MtRac1 was found to localize at the tips of root hairs and to strongly interact with LYK3 and NFP. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that MtRac1, LYK3, and NFP form a polarly localized receptor complex that regulates root hair deformation during rhizobial infection.
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