Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 417, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126076
Keywords
Endocrine disruptors; Bisphenol A; BPA analogs; Human exposure; Public health
Categories
Funding
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Ministry of Education [NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025159]
- Brain Pool Program through the NRF - Ministry of Science and ICT [2017H1D3A1A02013844, 2019H1D3A1A01071117]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017H1D3A1A02013844, 2019H1D3A1A01071117] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common environmental toxin, despite documented toxicity, it is still widely used in consumer products. Factors influencing human exposure to BPA include material properties, lack of health education, fear of BPA substitutes, inappropriate production, and regulatory guidance.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental toxin worldwide. Despite the many studies documenting the toxicity of this substance, it remains a popular choice for consumer products. The internet, magazine articles, and newspaper reports are replete with tips on how to avoid BPA exposure, which mostly spread contradictory and often unscientific information. Therefore, based on a comprehensive search of the available biomedical literature, we summarized several confounding factors that may be directly or indirectly related to human BPA exposure. We found that the unique properties of BPA materials (i.e. low cost, light-weight, resistance to corrosion, and water/air-tightness), lack of personal health and hygiene education, fear of BPA-substitutes (with yet unknown risks), inappropriate production, processing, and marketing of materials containing BPA, as well as the state of regulatory guidance are influencing the increased exposure to BPA. Besides, we detailed the disparities between scientifically derived safe dosages of BPA and those designated as safe by government regulatory agencies. Therefore, in addition to providing a current assessment of the states of academic research, government policies, and consumer behaviors, we make several reasonable and actionable recommendations for limiting human exposure to BPA through improved labeling, science-based dosage limits, and public awareness campaigns.
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