Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 414, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125439
Keywords
Viruses; SARS-CoV-2; Spatial distribution; Wastewater; Human health hazards
Categories
Funding
- Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province [(2019)5618, (2019)4428]
- Qiankehe Zhicheng [[2020]4Y190]
- STS of CAS [KFJ-STS-QYZD-185]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, President's International Fellowship Initiative (CAS, PIFI) for 2021 [[2020]4Y190, 2021PC0058]
- STS of CAS Sciences, President's International Fellowship Initiative (CAS, PIFI) for 2021
- UK NERC Fellowship grant [NE/R013349/2]
- EPSRC [EP/P017460/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- NERC [NE/V010441/1, NE/R013349/2, NE/R013349/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Viruses are widespread and persistent in wastewater, posing a risk to human health. This review summarizes methods for virus analysis, spatial distribution, and temporal patterns of various viruses in wastewater systems, as well as recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater. The utility of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for estimating virus occurrence, distribution, genetic diversity, and human health risk assessment is discussed, highlighting the potential use of WBE as an early warning system for public health assessment.
Viruses are omnipresent and persistent in wastewater, which poses a risk to human health. In this review, we summarise the different qualitative and quantitative methods for virus analysis in wastewater and systematically discuss the spatial distribution and temporal patterns of various viruses (i.e., enteric viruses, Caliciviridae (Noroviruses (NoVs)), Picornaviridae (Enteroviruses (EVs)), Hepatitis A virus (HAV)), and Adenoviridae (Adenoviruses (AdVs))) in wastewater systems. Then we critically review recent SARS-CoV-2 studies to understand the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic through wastewater surveillance. SARS-CoV-2 genetic material has been detected in wastewater from France, the Netherlands, Australia, Italy, Japan, Spain, Turkey, India, Pakistan, China, and the USA. We then discuss the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to estimate the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of these viruses and generate human health risk assessment. Finally, we not only promote the prevention of viral infectious disease transmission through wastewater but also highlight the potential use of WBE as an early warning system for public health assessment.
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