Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 414, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125555
Keywords
Heavy metal ions; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; S-nZVI; Reductive reaction
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFC1802800]
- Local Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project of Guangdong Special Support Program [2019BT02L218]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41673091]
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S-nZVI has been reported to effectively remove heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, but the presence of co-existing cations can affect the removal efficiency of PBDEs. The study showed that the presence of certain heavy metal ions can inhibit the reduction of PBDEs by S-nZVI, while others can accelerate the transformation of organic pollutants.
Sulfurized nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) has been widely reported to be able to quickly remove heavy metals/persistent organic pollutants, but the limited understanding of the complicated removal process of heavy metals-organic combined pollutants restricts the application of S-nZVI. Here, we demonstrate that there is significant difference in the effectiveness of S-nZVI for removing single pollutant and complex pollutants. The removal kinetic constant (lobs) of heavy metals by S-nZVI followed a sequence of Cr(VI)>Pb(II)>Ni(II)>Cd(II) with or without polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). While the capacity of co-existing cations increasing the lobs of PBDEs followed the order: Ni(II)>Pb(II)>Cd(II), and the co-existence of Cr(VI) anion inhibited the reduction of PBDE by S-nZVI because the generated Cr-Fe precipitate hindered the electron transfer. The depassivation process on S-nZVI surface by Cd(II) ions slightly accelerated the transformation rate of electron. Nevertheless, the co-existing Pb(II) significantly accelerated the transformation of BDE-209 via the galvanic effect from the generated Pb0/Fe0 bimetal. Interestingly, the lobs of BDE-47 in Ni(II)/S-nZVI system was 5.51 times higher than that of Pb(II)/S-nZVI system, implying that an atomic hydrogen mechanism dominated the reduction of BDE-47 by Ni(II)/S-nZVI. In conclusion, the results provided a deep comprehending of removal mechanism of heavy metal-organic complex pollutants by S-nZVI.
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