SMBH seeds from dissipative dark matter

The existence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses greater than similar to 10( )(9)M(circle dot) at high redshift (z greater than or similar to 7) is difficult to accommodate in standard astrophysical scenarios. We study the possibility that (nearly) totally dissipative self-interacting dark matter (tdSIDM)-in rare, high density dark matter fluctuations in the early Universe produces SMBH seeds through catastrophic collapse. We use a semi-analytic model, tested and calibrated by a series of N-body simulations of isolated dark matter halos, to compute the collapse criteria and timescale of tdSIDM halos, where dark matter loses nearly all of its kinetic energy in a single collision in the center-of-momentum frame. Applying this model to halo merger trees, we empirically assign SMBH seeds to halos and trace the formation and evolution history of SMBHs. We make predictions for the quasar luminosity function, the M-BH-sigma(nu)* relation, and cosmic SMBH mass density at high redshift and compare them to observations. We find that a dissipative dark matter interaction cross-section of sigma/m similar to 0.05 cm(2)/g is sufficient to produce the SMBHs observed in the early Universe while remaining consistent with ordinary SMBHs in the late Universe.

Automated summary

The study suggests that a dissipative dark matter interaction cross-section of about 0.05 cm^2/g is sufficient to produce the observed supermassive black holes in the early Universe through the collapse of high density dark matter fluctuations in rare scenarios.