Supernova neutrino fluxes in HALO-1kT, Super-Kamiokande, and JUNO

When the next galactic core-collapse supernova occurs, we must be ready to obtain as much information as possible. Although many present and future detectors are well equipped to detect nu(e) and nu(x) neutrinos, the detection of the nu(e) species presents the biggest challenges. We assess the impact that a 1 ktonne lead-based detector, such as HALO-1kT, can have in constraining electron neutrino time-integrated fluxes. The study involves the detector taken alone as well as when combined with massive nu(e)-sensitive detectors such as Super-Kamiokande and JUNO. We find that HALO-1kT alone is not able to strongly constrain the emission parameters. When combined with other detectors, however, the orthogonal information might be helpful in improving the nu(e) total emitted energy and mean energy accuracy, up to about 50%, if no other nu(e)-sensitive channel is implemented. A discussion on the reconstruction of nu(e) and nu(x) species, as well as the total emitted energy, is also presented.

Automated summary

This study evaluates the impact of a 1 ktonne lead-based detector on constraining electron neutrino time-integrated fluxes. It is found that HALO-1kT alone is not able to strongly constrain the emission parameters, but when combined with other detectors, it can improve the accuracy up to about 50%.