Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
Volume 39, Issue 1, Pages 12-21Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000846
Keywords
Disorders of consciousness; Neuroimaging; Positon emission tomography; Functional MRI; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Magnetoencephalography
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In this article, recent advances in neuroimaging are discussed in relation to understanding consciousness and disorders of consciousness. Different imaging modalities and their applications in studying consciousness disorders are examined. Additionally, the article explores the potential use of advanced neuroimaging techniques in neurological prognosis, machine learning analysis, clinical practice, and future directions.
Recent advances in neuroimaging have been a preeminent factor in the scientific effort to unravel mechanisms of conscious awareness and the pathophysiology of disorders of consciousness. In the first part of this review, we selectively discuss operational models of consciousness, the biophysical signal that is measured using different imaging modalities, and knowledge on disorders of consciousness that has been gleaned with each neuroimaging modality. Techniques considered include diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, different types of nuclear medicine imaging, functional MRI, magnetoencephalography, and the combined transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography approach. In the second part of this article, we provide an overview of how advanced neuroimaging can be leveraged to support neurological prognostication, the use of machine learning to process high-dimensional imaging data, potential applications in clinical practice, and future directions.
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