High electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness achieved by multiple internal reflection and absorption in polybenzoxazine/graphene foams

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is an increasingly severe issue in modern life and high-performance EMI shielding materials are in desperate need. To achieve high EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), a series of polybenzoxazine/graphene composites foams are developed using a simple sol-gel method. When the graphene loading increases from 1 to 20 wt%, the density of the composites foams drops from 0.4143 g/cm(3) to 0.1654 g/cm(3). Meanwhile, an electrically conductive path is formed at around 7 wt% of graphene. Below the percolation threshold, the dielectric constant increases with graphene content and composite foam with 5 wt% graphene shows dielectric constant of 10.8 (1 MHz). At the highest graphene content of 20 wt%, the electric conductivity reaches 0.02 S/cm, 10 orders of magnitude higher than pure polybenzoxazine foam. Benefiting from the high electrical conductivity and lightweight porous structure, the composite foam PF/20G delivers an EMI SE of 85 dB and a specific SE of 513.9 dB center dot cm(3)/g. Importantly, the EMI shielding is dominated by absorption attenuation, with PF/20G shows absorption ratio higher than 98% in the range of 8.4-11.0 GHz, which is believed to be caused by multiple internal reflection and absorption inside the conductive foam.

Automated summary

A series of polybenzoxazine/graphene composite foams with high EMI shielding effectiveness have been developed using a simple sol-gel method. Increasing graphene loading can reduce the density, form an electrically conductive path, and significantly enhance the electric conductivity and EMI SE of the composite foams. The EMI shielding is primarily achieved through absorption attenuation, with the composite foam showing absorption ratio higher than 98% in a specific frequency range due to multiple internal reflection and absorption.