Effects of patulin and ascladiol on porcine intestinal mucosa: An ex vivo approach

Patulin (PAT) is a secondary metabolite mainly produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium that is frequently found contaminating apples and rotten fruits. Patulin can be transformed in potentially less toxic compounds such as ascladiol (ASC). Toxic effects of patulin were described in rats and in in vitro models, however concerning ascladiol, data are restricted to metabolic pathways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of PAT (10 mu M, 30 mu M,100 mu M) and ASC (30 mu M, 100 mu M) on intestinal tissue using the jejunal explant model. Explants from pigs were exposed for 4 h to PAT and ASC and after this period were processed for histological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical analysis. Mild histological changes were observed in jejunal explants exposed to PAT and ASC, however no significant difference in the lesional score or villi height was observed between the PAT/ASCgroups and the control. Also, explants exposed to 100 mu M of PAT showed a significant decrease in goblet cells density and a significant increase in cell apoptosis. These results indicate that high levels of patulin can induce mild toxic effects on intestinal mucosa whereas ascladiol apparently is non-toxic to intestinal tissue. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.