Journal
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
Volume 83, Issue 3, Pages 1291-1301Publisher
IOS PRESS
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-210007
Keywords
Chitinase-3-like protein 1; dementia; inflammation; mini-mental state examination; neurodegeneration; neurofilament light; YKL-40
Categories
Funding
- Pronova Biocare A/S
- Funds of Capio
- Gamla Tjanarinnor
- Swedish Alzheimer Foundation
- Odd Fellow
- Swedish Society of Physicians
- Lion's Sweden
- Swedish Brain Foundation (Hj arnfonden)
- Stohne's Foundation
- Swedish Brain Foundation (Hjarnfonden) [FO20180315]
- Swedish Research Council [2016-0231, 22743, 22744, 2017-00915, 2018-02532]
- Stockholm County council
- Brain Foundation (Hjarnfonden)
- Stockholm County Council [20180425]
- Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA [RDAPB-201 809-2016615, 2018092016862]
- Brain Foundation (Hjarnfonden), Sweden [FO2017-0243]
- ALF [ALFGBG-715986]
- European Union Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disorders [JPND2019466-236]
- European Research Council [681712]
- Swedish State Support for Clinical Research [ALFGBG-720931]
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL
- Ake Wibergs foundation [M16-0251]
- Stockholm County council (ALF)
- Stohne's Foundation (Stohnes Stiftelse)
- Sarfond 31 Forskning Senil demens
- Region Orebrolan
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This study aimed to assess the effect of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The results showed a significant increase in NfL and YKL-40 with n-3 FAs supplementation, indicating a potential increase in inflammatory response and axonal damage. However, this increase in biomarkers did not correlate with MMSE score.
Background: Studies have suggested a connection between a decrease in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to assess the effect of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) on biomarkers analyzed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients diagnosed with AD. Objective: To investigate the effects of daily supplementation with 2.3 g of PUFAs in AD patients on the biomarkers in CSF described below. We also explored the possible correlation between these biomarkers and the performance in the cognitive test Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Methods: Thirty-three patients diagnosed with AD were randomized to either treatment with a daily intake of 2.3 g of n-3 FAs (n = 18) or placebo (n = 15). CSF samples were collected at baseline and after six months of treatment, and the following biomarkers were analyzed: A beta 38, A beta 40, A beta 42, t-tau, p-tau, neurofilament light (NfL), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), soluble IL-1 receptor type II (sIL-1RII), and IL-6. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups concerning the level of the different biomarkers in the CSF at baseline. Within the treatment group, there was a small but significant increase in both YKL-40 (p = 0.04) and NfL (p = 0.03), while the other CSF biomarkers remained stable. Conclusion: Supplementation with n-3 FAs had a statistically significant effect on NfL and YKL-40, resulting in an increase of both biomarkers, indicating a possible increase of inflammatory response and axonal damage. This increase in biomarkers did not correlate with MMSE score.
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