Graphene Oxide-Based Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice

Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) is a valuable tool for the extraction and preconcentration of analytes from environmental, food, and biological samples because of its convenience, promptness, and simplicity. In this study, a graphene oxide-based magnetic nanocomposite (MGO) was synthesized and characterized by various instrumental methods. An effective MSPE procedure coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (MSPE-HPLC) was developed for the preconcentration and determination of the patulin (PAT) in apple juice samples. Critical experimental parameters of MSPE that could affect the extraction efficiencies, such as the amount of MGO, the pH, and ionic strength of the sample solution; the extraction time; and the desorption conditions, were investigated. After optimizing the conditions, the detection limit of this method provided was 2.3 mu g/kg; the recoveries were in the range of 68.7-83.6 %, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging between 1.8-8.7 %. It was confirmed that the graphene-based magnetic nanocomposite was a kind of effective MSPE material used for the PAT analyses in apple juice samples.