Journal
FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
Volume 33, Issue 11, Pages 1672-1677Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1217069
Keywords
Nitrofuran metabolites; AMOZ; AOZ; SEM; AHD; sea cucumber; distribution
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430403]
- National Natural Science Foundation [21277017]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [DUT15LK40]
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The occurrence and levels of nitrofuran metabolites (NFMs) in sea cucumber (SC) from Dalian, China, are reported. Four metabolites including 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), semicarbazide (SEM) and 1-aminohydantoin (AHD) in different SC products (fresh, instant and dry salted SCs) were measured. The frequency of occurrence for NFMs in all SC samples was 42.7%. The total NFM concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 64.6 ngg(-1), with a mean of 3.59ngg(-1). AOZ and SEM were the dominant congeners, accounting for 40.1% and 59.1% of the total NFMs, respectively. The concentrations and patterns varied among different regions. Higher levels of NFMs were found in the fresh SC products, and the order for the average concentration of Sigma 4NFM was fresh > dry salted > instant.
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