Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
Volume 608, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121122
Keywords
Edoxaban; Dry powder inhaler formulation; Pulmonary drug delivery venous thromboembolism; FPF; COVID-19; Coagulation
Categories
Funding
- Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University (Abha, Saudi Arabia) [G.R.P. 138]
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In this study, a dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation of edoxaban (EDX) was developed and characterized, demonstrating promising in-vitro anticoagulation effect for managing pulmonary or cerebral coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 infection.
Herein, we demonstrated the development and characterization of a dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation of edoxaban (EDX); and investigated the in-vitro anticoagulation effect for the management of pulmonary or cerebral coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 infection. The formulations were prepared by mixing the inhalable micronized drug with a large carrier lactose and dispersibility enhancers, leucine, and magnesium stearate. The drug-excipient interaction was studied using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The drug and excipients showed no physical inter particulate interaction. The in-vitro drug aerosolization from the developed formulation was determined by a Twin Stage Impinger (TSI) at a flow rate of 60 +/- 5 L /min. The amount of drug deposition was quantified by an established HPLC-UV method. The fine particle fraction (FPF) of EDX API from drug alone formulation was 7%, whereas the formulations with excipients increased dramatically to almost 7-folds up to 47%. The developed DPI formulation of EDX showed a promising in-vitro anticoagulation effect at a very low concentration. This novel DPI formulation of EDX could be a potential and effective inhalation therapy for managing pulmonary venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with COVID-19 infection. Further studies are warranted to investigate the toxicity and clinical application of the inhaled EDX DPI formulation.
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