Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk and aflatoxin B1 in feed from household cows in Singida, Tanzania

Aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)) contamination in raw milk from household cows fed with sunflower seedcakes or sunflower-based seedcake feeds was determined in 37 milk samples collected randomly from different locations in Singida region, Tanzania. Aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) contamination in sunflower-based seedcake feed was determined in 20 feed samples collected from the same household dairy farmers. The samples were analysed by RP-HPLC using fluorescent detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up. Recoveries were 88.0% and 94.5%, while the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.026ng mL(-1) and 0.364ng g(-1) for AFM(1) and AFB(1), respectively. Of the analysed cow's milk samples, 83.8% (31/37) contained AFM(1), with levels ranging from LOD to 2.007ng mL(-1), exceeding both the European Commission (EC) and Tanzania Food and Drug Authority (TFDA) limit of 0.05ng mL(-1). Of the contaminated samples, 16.1% exceeded the Codex Alimentarius limit of 0.5ng mL(-1). AFB(1) was present in 65% (13/20) of the feed samples with levels ranging from LOD to 20.47ng g(-1), 61.53% exceeding the TFDA and EC maximum limits of 5ng g(-1) for complete dairy animal feed. The observed AFM(1) and AFB(1) contamination necessitates the need to raise awareness to dairy farmers in Tanzania to safeguard the health of the end-users.