Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 18, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189915
Keywords
acetylsalicylic acid; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; platelets; multiple sclerosis; thromboxane; glycoprotein VI; platelet factor 4
Funding
- German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)
- Bundesinstitut fur Risikobewertung (BfR)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Else Kroner Fresenius Foundation
- Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss (G-BA)
- German Academic Exchange Service
- Hertie Foundation
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Studies (IZKF) Muenster
- German Foundation Neurology
- Alexion
- Almirall
- Amicus Therapeutics Germany
- Biogen
- Diamed
- Fresenius Medical Care
- Genzyme
- HERZ Burgdorf
- Merck Serono
- Novartis
- ONO Pharma
- Roche
- Teva
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The study showed that oral administration of low-dose ASA can alleviate symptoms of EAE and reduce inflammatory infiltrates and demyelination. At the peak of the disease, the percentage of CNS-infiltrated CD4(+) T cells significantly decreased in ASA-treated mice compared to control animals.
Aside from the established immune-mediated etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), compelling evidence implicates platelets as important players in disease pathogenesis. Specifically, numerous studies have highlighted that activated platelets promote the central nervous system (CNS)-directed adaptive immune response early in the disease course. Platelets, therefore, present a novel opportunity for modulating the neuroinflammatory process that characterizes MS. We hypothesized that the well-known antiplatelet agent acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) could inhibit neuroinflammation by affecting platelets if applied at low-dose and investigated its effect during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model to study MS. We found that oral administration of low-dose ASA alleviates symptoms of EAE accompanied by reduced inflammatory infiltrates and less extensive demyelination. Remarkably, the percentage of CNS-infiltrated CD4(+) T cells, the major drivers of neuroinflammation, was decreased to 40.98 +/- 3.28% in ASA-treated mice compared to 56.11 +/- 1.46% in control animals at the disease maximum as revealed by flow cytometry. More interestingly, plasma levels of thromboxane A(2) were decreased, while concentrations of platelet factor 4 and glycoprotein VI were not affected by low-dose ASA treatment. Overall, we demonstrate that low-dose ASA could ameliorate the platelet-dependent neuroinflammatory response in vivo, thus indicating a potential treatment approach for MS.
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