Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126259
Keywords
hyperhomocysteinemia; Alzheimer's disease; age-related macular degeneration; diabetic retinopathy; inflammation
Funding
- American Heart Association (AHA) Scientist Development Grant [16SDG3070001]
- NEI [1R01EY029751-02, P30EY031631]
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Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is common among the aging population, and is linked to neurodegenerative diseases and eye diseases. The disruption of the blood barrier function in the brain and retina due to HHcy leads to inflammatory events that worsen disease pathology, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is remarkably common among the aging population. The relation between HHcy and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and eye diseases, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in elderly people, has been established. Disruption of the blood barrier function of the brain and retina is one of the most important underlying mechanisms associated with HHcy-induced neurodegenerative and retinal disorders. Impairment of the barrier function triggers inflammatory events that worsen disease pathology. Studies have shown that AD patients also suffer from visual impairments. As an extension of the central nervous system, the retina has been suggested as a prominent site of AD pathology. This review highlights inflammation as a possible underlying mechanism of HHcy-induced barrier dysfunction and neurovascular injury in aging diseases accompanied by HHcy, focusing on AD.
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