Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 16, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168819
Keywords
yeast; bioactive compounds; beta-carotene; torulene; torularhodin; natural pigments
Funding
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) [403121/2016-7]
- Coordenacao de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES, Brazil) [001, 00214342204]
- Federal University of Para (UFPA, Brazil) through PROPESP/UFPA
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Carotenoids are natural lipophilic pigments mainly found in plants, and can also be synthesized by fungi, some bacteria, algae, and aphids. They are used as natural replacements for artificial colors in food industries and have health benefits as antioxidants and provitamin A compounds. Biotechnological approaches for carotenoid production have the potential to exceed yields obtained from plants or chemical synthesis, with a focus on low-cost substrates.
Carotenoids are natural lipophilic pigments mainly found in plants, but also found in some animals and can be synthesized by fungi, some bacteria, algae, and aphids. These pigments are used in food industries as natural replacements for artificial colors. Carotenoids are also known for their benefits to human health as antioxidants and some compounds have provitamin A activity. The production of carotenoids by biotechnological approaches might exceed yields obtained by extraction from plants or chemical synthesis. Many microorganisms are carotenoid producers; however, not all are industrially feasible. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview regarding fungi that are potentially interesting to industry because of their capacity to produce carotenoids in response to stresses on the cultivation medium, focusing on low-cost substrates.
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