4.7 Review

Pathophysiological Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism in the Liver

Journal

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115717

Keywords

alcoholic liver disease; alcohol metabolism; lipotoxicity; inflammation; fibrosis

Funding

  1. National Research Foundation of Korea [2021R1C1C1003904]
  2. Biomedical Research Institute Grant of Pusan National University Hospital [20200216]
  3. National Research Foundation of Korea [2021R1C1C1003904] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a chronic liver disease caused by chronic or binge alcohol consumption, leading to liver damage and inflammatory reactions. However, the lack of animal models that fully mimic human ALD has posed challenges for the development of novel treatments.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a globally prevalent chronic liver disease caused by chronic or binge consumption of alcohol. The liver is the major organ that metabolizes alcohol; therefore, it is particularly sensitive to alcohol intake. Metabolites and byproducts generated during alcohol metabolism cause liver damage, leading to ALD via several mechanisms, such as impairing lipid metabolism, intensifying inflammatory reactions, and inducing fibrosis. Despite the severity of ALD, the development of novel treatments has been hampered by the lack of animal models that fully mimic human ALD. To overcome the current limitations of ALD studies and therapy development, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver injury. Hence, to provide insights into the progression of ALD, this review examines previous studies conducted on alcohol metabolism in the liver. There is a particular focus on the occurrence of ALD caused by hepatotoxicity originating from alcohol metabolism.

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