Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Mechanism to Therapy and Prognosis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor in the digestive system whose incidence and mortality is high-ranking among tumors worldwide. The initiation and progression of CRC is a complex process involving genetic alterations in cancer cells and multiple factors from the surrounding tumor cell microenvironment. As accumulating evidence has shown, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)-as abundant and active infiltrated inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME)-play a crucial role in CRC. This review focuses on the different mechanisms of TAM in CRC, including switching of phenotypical subtypes; promoting tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration; facilitating angiogenesis; mediating immunosuppression; regulating metabolism; and interacting with the microbiota. Although controversy remains in clinical evidence regarding the role of TAMs in CRC, clarifying their significance in therapy and the prognosis of CRC may shed new light on the optimization of TAM-centered approaches in clinical care.

Automated summary

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent and lethal malignant tumor in the digestive system. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in various mechanisms of CRC progression, such as promoting tumor proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression, although their exact role is still debated in clinical evidence.