Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 15, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158087
Keywords
inflammation; cytokines; adipokines; antimicrobial peptides; oxidative stress; metabolic stress; IGF-I; insulin; lactotroph hormones; angiogenesis
Funding
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes [2018-1-152, 2019-1-5]
- CONACyT [CB-A1-S-27832]
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a transient metabolic condition caused by dysregulation due to intolerance to carbohydrates during pregnancy, resulting in harmful effects to the mother and fetus, with the placenta playing a key role in this process.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a transitory metabolic condition caused by dysregulation triggered by intolerance to carbohydrates, dysfunction of beta-pancreatic and endothelial cells, and insulin resistance during pregnancy. However, this disease includes not only changes related to metabolic distress but also placental immunoendocrine adaptations, resulting in harmful effects to the mother and fetus. In this review, we focus on the placenta as an immuno-endocrine organ that can recognize and respond to the hyperglycemic environment. It synthesizes diverse chemicals that play a role in inflammation, innate defense, endocrine response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, all associated with different perinatal outcomes.
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