Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 17, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179276
Keywords
protein kinase C alpha; bladder cancer; cystoscopy; urinary biomarker; orthotopic xenograft mice
Funding
- JSPS KAKENHI [19K09692, 19H04488, 21K12685]
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) [JP21hm0102067]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21K12685, 19H04488, 19K09692] Funding Source: KAKEN
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This study aimed to investigate the presence of activated protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha) in urine samples and the possibility of PKC alpha as a urinary biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis. Results showed that activated PKC alpha was present at higher levels in bladder cancer tissues than in normal bladder tissues, and also observed at higher levels in urine samples collected from orthotopic xenograft mice carrying human bladder cancer cells. These findings suggest that activated PKC alpha can potentially serve as a urinary biomarker for diagnosing bladder cancer.
Bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate; therefore, frequent and effective monitoring is essential for disease management. Cystoscopy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and continuous monitoring of bladder cancer. However, cystoscopy is invasive and relatively expensive. Thus, there is a need for non-invasive, relatively inexpensive urinary biomarker-based diagnoses of bladder cancer. This study aimed to investigate the presence of activated protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha) in urine samples and the possibility of PKC alpha as a urinary biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis. Activated PKC alpha was found to be present at higher levels in bladder cancer tissues than in normal bladder tissues. Furthermore, high levels of activated PKC alpha were observed in urine samples collected from orthotopic xenograft mice carrying human bladder cancer cells compared to urine samples from normal mice. These results suggest that activated PKC alpha can be used as a urinary biomarker to diagnose bladder cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of activated PKC alpha in the urine of orthotopic xenograft mice.
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