Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 13, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136922
Keywords
histone modifications; CENP-A; H2AZ; epigenetics; compaction; transcription; silencing
Funding
- Department of Biology, Emory University
- Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences at Emory University
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Chromatin is composed of DNA and histone proteins and is important for packaging DNA and regulating DNA metabolic pathways. It is categorized into euchromatin (active transcription), heterochromatin (silencing), and centromeric chromatin (chromosome segregation).
Chromatin consists of a complex of DNA and histone proteins as its core components and plays an important role in both packaging DNA and regulating DNA metabolic pathways such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and chromosome segregation. Proper functioning of chromatin further involves a network of interactions among molecular complexes that modify chromatin structure and organization to affect the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors leading to the activation or repression of the transcription of target DNA loci. Based on its structure and compaction state, chromatin is categorized into euchromatin, heterochromatin, and centromeric chromatin. In this review, we discuss distinct chromatin factors and molecular complexes that constitute euchromatin-open chromatin structure associated with active transcription; heterochromatin-less accessible chromatin associated with silencing; centromeric chromatin-the site of spindle binding in chromosome segregation.
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