Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116030
Keywords
radiotherapy; nanoparticles; X-ray; dose enhancement factor; radiosensitization; Monte-Carlo simulation
Funding
- Nuclear Medicine Development program of JSC Science and Innovation of ROSATOM [AAAA-A19-119122590084-4]
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [18-29-11078]
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This study investigated the ability of different high atomic number metal and metal oxide nanoparticles to enhance absorbed dose, with gold showing the highest dose enhancement factor and HfO2 and Ta2O5 being the most versatile in terms of coordinate regions. The findings underscore the importance of carefully planning radiation exposure when high-Z nanoparticles are present.
Nanoparticles (NPs) with a high atomic number (Z) are promising radiosensitizers for cancer therapy. However, the dependence of their efficacy on irradiation conditions is still unclear. In the present work, 11 different metal and metal oxide NPs (from Cu (Z(Cu) = 29) to Bi2O3 (Z(Bi) = 83)) were studied in terms of their ability to enhance the absorbed dose in combination with 237 X-ray spectra generated at a 30-300 kVp voltage using various filtration systems and anode materials. Among the studied high-Z NP materials, gold was the absolute leader by a dose enhancement factor (DEF; up to 2.51), while HfO2 and Ta2O5 were the most versatile because of the largest high-DEF region in coordinates U (voltage) and E-eff (effective energy). Several impacts of the X-ray spectral composition have been noted, as follows: (1) there are radiation sources that correspond to extremely low DEFs for all of the studied NPs, (2) NPs with a lower Z in some cases can equal or overcome by the DEF value the high-Z NPs, and (3) the change in the X-ray spectrum caused by a beam passing through the matter can significantly affect the DEF. All of these findings indicate the important role of carefully planning radiation exposure in the presence of high-Z NPs.
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