Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 110, Issue -, Pages S28-S43Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.044
Keywords
Vietnam; Public health intervention; COVID-19; Quarantine; Contact tracing; Containment delay
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Funding
- ASEAN-Australia Health Security Fellowship by the Commonwealth Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
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The study found that early, strict, and consistently implemented public health interventions were crucial in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam. The effective reproductive number (Rt) decreased to below 1 during periods of strict border control and contact tracing, but increased ahead of new clusters.
Background: Vietnam implemented various public health interventions such as contact tracing and testing, mandatory quarantine, and lockdowns in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effects of these measures on the epidemic remain unclear. Methods: This article describes the public health interventions in relation to COVID-19 incidence. Maximum likelihood estimations were used to assess containment delays (time between symptom onset and start of isolation) and multivariable regression was employed to identify associated factors between interventions and COVID-19 incidence. The effective reproductive numbers (Rt) were calculated based on transmission pairs. Results: Interventions were introduced periodically in response to the epidemic. Overall, 817 (55.4%) among 1474 COVID-19 cases were imported. Based on a serial interval of 8.72 +/- 5.65 days, it was estimated that Rt decreased to below 1 (lowest at 0.02, 95% CI 0-0.12) during periods of strict border control and contact tracing, and increased ahead of new clusters. The main method to detect cases shifted over time from passive notification to active case-finding at immigration or in lockdown areas, with containment delays showing significant differences between modes of case detection. Conclusions: A combination of early, strict, and consistently implemented interventions is crucial to control COVID-19. Low-middle income countries with limited capacity can contain COVID-19 successfully using non-pharmaceutical interventions. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.
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