Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 135, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105972
Keywords
Ceramides; Obesity; Inflammation; Fatty acids; N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Categories
Funding
- Versus Arthritisand Medical Researchfunded Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research at the University of Birmingham
- British Heart Foundation Accelerator Awardat the University of Birmingham
- University of Birmingham Professorial Research Fellowship
- British Heart Foundation [PG/15/105/31906]
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Obesity is a global epidemic associated with various diseases, with ceramides elevated in obesity and related conditions, while n-3 PUFA demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects. Inhibition of ceramide synthesis can lead to an anti-inflammatory environment.
Obesity is considered a global epidemic developed in part as a consequence of the overconsumption of high fat diets. One of the main negative outcomes of obesity is the development of low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, induced by dysregulated immune responses, which can lead to multiple obesity-related diseases. Ceramides are a group of bioactive lipids known to be elevated in obesity and obesity-associated conditions, including cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Ceramides may be key players in promoting an obesity-induced inflammatory environment due to their ability to activate key pathways such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NLR pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (Nlrp3), while studies have shown that inhibition of ceramide synthesis gives rise to an anti-inflammatory environment. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been of interest due to their anti-inflammatory actions and shown to have beneficial effects in obesityrelated diseases. This review will highlight the impact of ceramides in promoting an obesity-induced inflammatory microenvironment and discuss how n-3 PUFA could potentially counteract these responses and have a regulatory effect promoting immune homeostasis.
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