TiO2 and SiO2 encapsulated metal nanoparticles: Synthetic strategies, properties, and photocatalytic applications

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as a promising candidate for catalysis in many applications. Owing to high surface energy, these MNPs tend to coalesce by migration in during catalysis and get deactivated. Researchers are therefore employing various strategies to enhance the stability of MNPs. Synthesis of core-shell materials by encapsulating MNPs with inorganic materials enhances stability, selectivity, recyclability, activity and provides synergistic effects of both the materials (MNPs and inorganic materials). The present review gives an overview of recent developments in the fabrication of TiO2 and SiO2 encapsulated MNPs (Ag, Au, Cu, Pt, Pd), their properties (selectivity, stability, electronic transfer, and tandem catalysis) and, photocatalytic application (hydrogen production, reduction of CO2 and organic pollutant degradation). The conclusion is outlined with the future approach associated with the summary and challenges.

Automated summary

The review highlights strategies employed by researchers to enhance the stability of metal nanoparticles, including encapsulating them with core-shell materials. It also provides an overview of the properties and photocatalytic applications of TiO2 and SiO2 encapsulated metal nanoparticles.