Journal
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
Volume 89, Issue 3, Pages 262-266Publisher
SPRINGER INDIA
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03827-0
Keywords
Nitric Oxide; Pulmonary hypertension; Preterm infants
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The use of iNO in premature infants is controversial, with no significant impact on survival or other morbidities based on substantial evidence. Most scientific organizations do not recommend iNO use in preterm infants, except in unique clinical circumstances.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator. The inhaled form (iNO) improves outcomes in term infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants. However, in preterm infants, the risks and benefits of iNO use are controversial. Substantial evidence reveals no significant impact on survival or other morbidities in preterm infants with iNO treatment, independent of indication, timing, or duration of use. Many scientific organizations do not recommend the use of iNO in preterm infants, except in unique clinical circumstances with echocardiographic findings of PPHN in the setting of presumed pulmonary hypoplasia.
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