A 3D Cluster-Based Channel Model for 5G and Beyond Vehicle-to-Vehicle Massive MIMO Channels

In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) cluster-based model for the fifth generation (5G)/beyond 5G (B5G) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wideband channels. It is the first cluster-based irregular shaped geometry-based stochastic model (IS-GBSM) to distinguish the dynamic clusters and static clusters in vehicular massive MIMO communication scenarios. This model not only considers the high time-variance, the time non-stationarity, and the vehicular traffic density (VTD) of V2V channels, but also models the massive MIMO channel characteristics, such as spherical wavefronts by 3D vector calculation and space non-stationarity. Meanwhile, this model for the first time integrates the VTD into birth-death process to model the channel characteristics of V2V and massive MIMO jointly and deeply, where a novel VTD-combined time-array cluster evolution algorithm for 5G/B5G V2V massive MIMO channel model is developed. Based on the proposed model, we derive some expressions of channel statistical properties, including time-space-frequency correlation function (STF-CF) and Doppler power spectral density (DPSD). The influence of several parameters, e.g., VTDs, vehicle moving directions, and antenna spacings, on the channel characteristics are sufficiently explored, which can provide assistance for the design of vehicular massive MIMO communication systems. Finally, the utility of the proposed model is verified by the close agreement between simulation results and measurement data.

Automated summary

This paper proposes a 3D cluster-based model for V2V massive MIMO communication, which distinguishes dynamic and static clusters and considers characteristics of V2V channels and massive MIMO. The model integrates VTD and a time-array cluster evolution algorithm, deriving channel statistical properties and aiding in the design of vehicular massive MIMO communication systems.Verification of the model's utility is done by comparing simulation results to measurement data.